device malfunction, lead/electrode break or migrationīiological, e.g. Cervical myelopathy develops is the cervical portion of the spine. Paddle: placed surgically via laminectomy or laminotomyĭevice-related, e.g. From this pressure, a lesion forms and causes inadequate blood supply to the rest of the body. Two types of electrodes can be implanted 2:Ĭylindrical: placed via percutaneous technique under fluoroscopy ProcedureĪn internal pulse generator is implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of the flank, paraspinal, abdominal or upper gluteal regions with leads extending into the spinal canal with epidural electrodes placed adjacent to the dorsal columns. Patients may feel a tingling sensation in the area of electrodes placement when the stimulator is on. Although it varies between individuals, generally it reduces pain sensation by ~60% 1. A typical example of cord compression in the setting of vertebral metastasis from a primary lung carcinoma is displayed in Fig. Recognition of these conditions with MR imaging is usually considered straightforward. We present 5 cases of COVID-19-associated myelitis with tract-specific involvement of the dorsal and lateral columns and discuss potential. A single case report has also described longitudinal involvement of the dorsal columns. The underlying pathophysiology is not entirely understood, however, increase in levels of GABA and serotonin stimulated by an electrical pulse in the area of dorsal horns is one of the potential mechanisms 1. External compression of the spinal cord is an important and treatable cause of acute myelopathy. SUMMARY: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) myelitis is a rare condition, most commonly presenting with nonenhancing central expansile cord T2 signal changes. It uses low voltage electrical current delivered by electrodes on the surface of the cord to prevent pain signal from reaching the brain. failed back syndrome, brachial plexopathy, complex regional pain syndrome). Other metabolic causes include vitamin E deficiency, copper deficiency, zinc toxicity ( via inhibition of copper absorption) ( 54, 59 ). Spinal cord stimulators, also known as dorsal column stimulators, are surgically placed devices to aid with symptom relief in individuals with chronic neurological pain (e.g. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is associated with B12 deficiency which is tract specific (dorsal and lateral columns) and may mimic paraneoplastic myelopathies.
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